PlayVS, the startup bringing an e-sports infrastructure to the high school level, has today announced that it will partner with RiotLeague of Legends for its beta season.

High school students across five states, including Connecticut, Georgia, Kentucky, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island, will be able to sign up to play for their school in Season Zero, which begins in October 2018.

Around 200 colleges and universities across the U.S. and Canada are offering esports scholarships, but without any infrastructure around high school esports, those recruiters are left at the mercy of the publishers and a grueling tournament schedule.

Meanwhile, young gamers who want to go pro are forced to gain a following via Twitch, or hit up all those tournaments and find a way to shine.

PlayVS offers access to recruiters while giving high school students the chance to play competitive esports at the high school level. The startup, backed by Science with $15.5 million in funding, has partnered with the NFHS (essentially the NCAA of high school) to offer turnkey competition through its dashboard.

PlayVS taps League of Legends in launch of high school esports platform

PlayVS partners with publishers, and lets players sign up, receive team and league schedules, check standings and stats, and actually play the game all within the PlayVS online portal.

PlayVS has a no-cut policy, letting high schools submit as many unique teams as they like. Given that the company makes money from players themselves ($64/season/player), it makes sense that the company would take a ‘the more the merrier& approach.

The company then divides up those teams into conferences, and the teams play to be conference champions, advance to semi-finals, and eventually head to the state championship. All the games will be played from the students& own school through the online portal, except for the State Championship tournament which will have a live spectator audience.

This beta season, which includes five states, gives PlayVS a chance to roll out the platform to a smaller pool of players and work out any issues ahead of the inaugural season, which starts February 2019.

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Mapillary, the Swedish startup that wants to take on Google and others in mapping the world by way of a crowdsourced database of street-level imagery, is taking an interesting step in the development of its platform. The company is now working with Amazon, and specifically its Rekognition API, to detect and read text in Mapillary database of 350 million images.

The first application resulting from the new feature will come from a large US city (that Mapillary will not name right now), which plans to use the information that will now be &readable& from parking signs to build a parking app.

https://techcrunch.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Mapillary_Amazon-Video-illustration.mp4

&Parking is a super hot space and [parking information] is one of the most asked-for pieces of data that people want to useMapillary for,& saidJan Erik Solem, CEO and co-founder of the Malmo, Sweden-based startup. He said that while parking will be the first application and one that he expects other cities to use as well, there will be other applications coming out from matching up text in Mapillaryimages, and subsequently being able to pinpoint exact latitude and longitude for specific locations. &We&re starting with parking signs in the US because parking is one of the biggest issues in towns today, but text recognition will apply to many different types of objects and images, such as building facades.&

While it might sound odd that a city might not have a grip on the state of its on-street parking, this is apparently the case: cities, Solem said, have general analogue maps indicating parking regulations, but many of them lack digitised versions, which means that when they want to build new services (and in particular services that help them raise revenues either from parking fees, or parking fines), or consider whether they need to build more parking, they lack the datasets to be able to either.

Mapillary cites research that says that parking problems collectively cost $73 billion in the US — presumably that includes not just the fines that people pay for overstaying, the gas they gobble looking for a spot, and so on; but perhaps even the lost revenues in areas where they overstay and no one knows.

Notably, Mapillary is referring to its use of the Rekognition API as a &collaboration& with Amazon, although when I asked about the wording, he was a little less willing to collaborate with me.

&I can&t comment on what Amazon is doing or why,& he said. &It would be nice to have that part of the announcement, but it ended up not working out this time.&It seems that the two have been working together for a while now, although that is all under NDA.

Amazon has been doing a lot in the world of mapping, however, both as a provider of data to third parties, and for its own services. For starters, the company is a logistics powerhouse, and part of the reason for that is because of its intelligent routing around areas to figure out how best to collect and deliver and distribute goods bought and sold on its marketplace.

But that is just one part of how mapping and location are used at Amazon. The company uses maps from Here, and had at one point been rumored to be one of the parties interested in buying the mapping firm. Meanwhile, it also has built (and acquired other mapping IP and talent in the process) a mapping API, similar to Google&s, for developers that want to build apps that use location services in any way for any Amazon device.

For now, that has mainly meant building apps for its Fire tablet and Amazonburgeoning range of Echo devices, but Amazon is also very focused on also having a role to play in other kinds of hardware, such as connected vehicles.

In January, Toyota announced that it would be working with Amazon to integrate Alexa into its cars, and separately, Amazon has also been racking up patents in the area of autonomous vehicles.

In other words, there is a clear opportunity for a company like Mapillary, providing a viable alternative to Google Maps in terms of street-level imagery, to work as a strong partner to Amazon in these services, specifically in indexing and providing information about what is around you, and how to route you most efficiently from A to B.

And as a side note, as with other artificial intelligence platforms, Rekognition is also learning from each time that itused in an application, so through its collaboration with Mapillary, it too is picking up more detailed data about street signs and what they say, and where they are used.

Mapillary itself is an interesting startup that I&ve long thought is one to watch. Solem is a computer vision specialist who sold his previous company, the facial recognition startup Polar Rose, to Apple; and his latest venture has raised $24.5 million so far from the likes of Sequoia, Atomico, Navinfo,BMW and Samsung— leading the way to building some interesting inroads with potential customers.

One of these happens to include Here, Amazonmapping provider. Others are under NDA. Together, they are now also feeding Mapillary images to contribute to its wider database, although Solem said about 80 percent of its content of 350 million images still comes from individuals, much like Waze. &Everyone either seems to have a need to solve some kind of problem, or a desire to fix maps around the world,& he said.

While text recognition and reading is one problem Mapillary is tackling today, the next will be helping people capture more images, more automatically. &The next iteration of our product will help people fill out coverage,& Solem said without elaborating more on the details. &We are building out tools to deploy capture tasking.&

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Jet.com, the e-commerce site Walmart acquired in 2016 for $3 billion, is relaunching itself today with an upgraded look and assortment, as well as a stronger focus on serving the needs of shoppers in urban metros. The siteupdated catalog now features an assortment thatmore relevant to city shoppers& interests across categories like grocery, home, fashion, beauty and electronics, the company says. It will also introduce 3-hour grocery delivery as a challenge to AmazonPrime Now.

Specifically, the site will now be localized to the city where the shoppers live.

This localization involves the use of localized imagery and messages on the homepage and elsewhere, as well as Jetdecisions about what products are featured in its assortment for that region. The site will also transition from a daytime theme to a nighttime theme as the day progresses.

These localization efforts begin with New York, but will roll out to other cities over time.

According toSimon Belsham, President of Jet.com, theNortheast will be a priority. After NYC, it will local sites for Boston, then Philadelphia, then D.C.

WalmartJet.com relaunches site with focus on urban shoppers, same-day grocery delivery

The site will also focus on helping shoppers more easily reorder items and will be personalized to shoppers& own preferences, in terms of things like product recommendations and when reorder reminders appear.

And it will tailor its shopping experiences for each product category in different ways.

&The way consumers are inspired by and shop for fashion is very different than food,& Belsham explains to TechCrunch. &When shopping for fashion, consumers want to shop the look, shop select styles and see the styles on real people so imagery and video are important.&

&For food, they want to see the brands and the products and confirm they will be fresh and quality,& he continues. &They also want to save time and get their weekly grocery needs plus stock up items. So itimportant for the imagery to be clear and crisp and offer scheduled delivery windows that consumers can get at a time convenient to their busy lives,& he says.

WalmartJet.com relaunches site with focus on urban shoppers, same-day grocery delivery

Voice computing is another key focus, but Walmart isn&t going to leverage rival Amazon.comAlexa platform for that, of course. Instead, it will allow iOS users to build lists using Siri voice commands.

For example: &Siri, add bananas to my grocery list.&

Another big shift for the revamped Jet.com is its new offering of three-hour same-day grocery delivery and next-day delivery options. Delivery will be provided through most of New York City via Parcel, the last-mile delivery startup it acquired in 2017 with the intention of launching same-day delivery in the city.

WalmartJet.com relaunches site with focus on urban shoppers, same-day grocery delivery

At launch, the majority of New York City customers will be able to select 3-hour delivery of groceries and other everyday essentials, including those from local and small businesses, likeBedford Cheese Shop, Pat LaFrieda meats, Orwashers Bakery, Big Gay Ice Cream, and Just Bagels. The decision to work with area businesses is similar to how Amazon Prime Now works with local shops, grocers, and restaurants.

Online grocery customers will be able to give Jet.com instructions on where to leave items, and groceries will arrive in recyclable, insulated bags that keep foods cold for up to three hours.

WalmartJet.com relaunches site with focus on urban shoppers, same-day grocery delivery

While not necessarily related to city shoppers& needs, Jet also today announced a strategic partnership with Nike that will see the site offering online consumers a selection of Nike and Converse products in a fully-branded experience.

The debut assortment will includehundreds of products across apparel, footwear and accessories for men, women and children, including essentials for running, training and sportswear, Jet.com says.

Fashion and apparel is one of the top-growing categories online and more retailers have figured out how to get shoppers to buy products that usually require try-on through innovative programs, like Amazonhome try-on service, Prime Wardrobe, or through leveraging their brick-and-mortar footprint for returns. Brands, meanwhile, have benefitted from the exposure provided by being available to consumers through these e-commerce giants& sites. For example, Lord - Taylor just set up shop on Walmart.com and just days ago, J.Crew announced it was launching a storefront on Amazon.

Despite these moves to prioritize the needs of urban shoppers, Jet.com will not close down its site to shoppers outside major metros. The site will remain available to all consumers nationwide, Belsham says.

&I am so excited to relaunch Jet to consumers today,& said Belsham, in a prepared statement about the launch of the updated site. &As a retailer, we must build experiences that customers love and trust, backed by strong values. For Jet, this means offering a more tailored shopping experience combined with a unique assortment of great brands in a way that brings empathy back into e-commerce. This is only the beginning for Jet,& he said.

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Themed collections of user generated content chosen by news publishers for viewing on and off Snapchat are the teen social networknext great hope for relevance. Today Snap launches Curated Our Stories with the help of 20 partners like CNN, Cosmopolitan, Lad Bible, and NowThis. Instead of sifting through and selecting submissions to Our Story all by itself around events, holidays, and fads, these publishers can create slideshows of Snaps about whatever they want. They&ll both be featured in Snapchat Discover that sees 75 million Our Stories viewers per month, but also on the publishers& own properties thanks to Snapembeds that have been underused since their January launch.

To entice partners, Snap has built inmonetization from day one, splitting revenue with publishers from ads run in the Our Stories they curate. Thatin sharp contrast to Snapwork with independent creators, where it still won&t split revenue with them directly, though at least itfinally connecting them with brand sponsors.

Snaphead of Stories everywhere Rahul Chopra tells me that in exchange for its cut, Snap provides a content management system that publishers can use to search through submitted Snaps using a variety of filters like keywords in captions and locations. A human at Snap will also moderate Curated Our Stories to ensure nothing objectionable slips through.

Snapchat shares hit all-time low as search acquisition VurbCEO bails

The new revenue stream could help Snap offset its declining user count by squeezing more cash out of each user by exposing them to more content and ads, or score it new users through embedded Curated Our Stories on its partners& apps and sites. Snap beat revenue expectations last quarter but it still lost $353 million, contributing to a share price decline that hit an all-time low yesterday.

Snap first created Our Stories in 2014 to let people get the perspectives of tons of different attendees to music festivals and sporting matches. With time it expanded to creating college-specific Our Stories and ones of more relatable activities like enjoying Fridays. Snapchat also lets users search its publicly submitted content, but seems to have found people are too lazy or unimaginative to do it, or the uncurated content isn&t high quality enough to be worth watching.

The full list of publisher partners is: Brut, CNN, Cosmopolitan, Daily Mail,Daquan,Dodo, HarperBazaar,iHeart,The Infatuation,Jukin,Lad Bible, Love Stories TV, Mic, NBC News, NBC Sports, NBC, Today Show, New York Post,NowThis,Overtime, Refinery 29,Telemundo, The Tab, Viacom, Wave.TV, andWhalar. They run the gambit from traditional publishers to online news sources, and includes SnapchatYellow startup accelerator portfolio company Love Stories TV, plus CNNreturn to Discover after cancelling its daily anchored news show there.

The curation possibilities are infinite. Partners could create reels of reactions to major news stories or shots from people with eyes on the ground at the scene of the action. They could highlight how people use a certain product, experience a particular place, or use a certain Snapchat creative feature. The publishers might produce daily or weekly collections around a topic or try a wide range of one-offs to surprise their viewers. You could think of it as a little bit like YouTube playlists, but cobbled together from real-time short-form submissions that might be too brief to make an impact on their own.

This is the start of Snapchat crowdsourcing not only content but curation to dig out the best citizen journalism, comedy, and beauty shot on its app and turn it into easily consumable compendiums. Given that Snapchat lost three million users last quarter, it could use the help keeping viewers coming back. But like most everything it launches, if Curated Our Stories blows up, you can bet Facebook and Instagram will turn on their copying machines.

Snapchat&Our Story& Is A Genius, Collaborative Reinvention Of The Livestream

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Brazilian startup Yellow raises $63M — the largest Series A ever for a Latin American startup After selling theirridesharing startup, 99, to Didi Chuxing for $1 billion last year,Ariel Lambrecht and Renato Freitas didn&t waste any time throwing their hats back in the ring.

Months after their big exit, the pair joined forces with Eduardo Musa, who spent two decades in the bicycle industry, to start another São Paulo-based mobility startup. Yellow, a bike- and scooter-sharing service, quickly captured the attention of venture capitalists, raising a $12.3 million seed round in April and now, the company is announcing the close of a $63 million Series A.

The round is the largest Series A financing ever for a startup in Latin America, where tech investment, especially from U.S.-based firms, has historically remained low. 2017, however, was a banner year for Latin American startups; 2018, it seems, is following suit.More than $600 million was invested in the first quarter of 2018, partly as a result of increased activity from international investors. And just last month,on-demand delivery startup Rappi brought in $200 million to become the second Latin American company to garner a billion-dollar valuation.

GGV Capital has led the round for Yellow . The Silicon Valley firm is a backer of several other mobility companies, including Grab, Hellobike and Didi Chuxing. Yellow represents the firmfirst foray into the Latin American tech ecosystem. Brazilian VC firm Monashees, Grishin Robotics, Base10 Partners and Class 5 also participated.

&We think therea new economy emerging in Latin America,&GGV managing partner Hans Tung told TechCrunch. &A lot of people are more cautious but what we&ve seen with our experience in China, when internet penetration started to happen, a new economy started to emerge thatmore efficient.&

The tech investment wave has reached Latin America

Yellowbikes and e-scooters are only available in São Paulo. With the investment, the startup plans to expand to Mexico City, Colombia, Chile and Argentina, as well as add e-bikes to its portfolio of micro-mobility options.

The company also plans to tap into local resources by building a scooter manufacturing facility in the region. Yellow CEO Eduardo Musa told me the company doesn&t want to be reliant on Chinese manufacturers to import scooters and that a local supplier is a whole lot cheaper. The companybikes are already sourced locally.

&Since the beginning, we wanted to be vertically integrated,& Musa told TechCrunch. &We definitely believe you need a constant inflow of hardware and you need control and management over the supply chain … not only because of the cost but also because of the quality control.&

Yellow is one of several e-scooter startups to raise VC in 2018. Bird and Lime,for example, both raised large rounds of capital at billion-dollar valuations. A good chunk of that capital has gone into building more scooters, placing a huge demand on the few Chinese manufacturers that&ve tapped into the market.

&There was simply not available capacity or factories prepared to fulfill the demand that arose from the other scooter sharing companies,& Musa said. &This became, very, very quickly, a major bottleneck for this industry.&

Are scooter startups really worth billions

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In another blow to the UK governmentrecord on bulk data handling for intelligence purposes the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) has ruled that state surveillance practices violated human rights law.

Arguments against the UK intelligence agencies& bulk collection and data sharing practices were heard by the court in November last year.

In todayruling the ECHR has ruled that only some aspects of the UKsurveillance regime violate human rights law. So itnot all bad news for the government — which has faced a barrage of legal actions (and quite a few black marks against its spying practices in recent years) ever since its love affair with mass surveillance was revealed and denounced by NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden, back in 2013.

The judgement reinforces a sense that the government has been seeking to push as close to the legal line as possible on surveillance, and sometimes stepping over it — reinforcing earlier strikes against legislation for not setting tight enough boundaries to surveillance powers, and likely providing additional fuel for fresh challenges.

The complaints before the ECHRfocused on three different surveillance regimes: 1) The bulk interception of communications (aka ‘mass surveillance&); 2) Intelligence sharing with foreign governments; and 3) The obtaining of communications data from communications service providers.

The challenge actually combines three cases, with the action brought by a coalition of civil and human rights campaigners, including the American Civil Liberties Union, Amnesty International, Big Brother Watch, Liberty, Privacy International and nine other human rights and journalism groups based in Europe, Africa, Asia and the Americas.

The Chamber judgment from the ECHR found, by a majority of five votes to two, that the UKbulk interception regime violates Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (a right to respect for private and family life/communications) — on the grounds that &there was insufficient oversight both of the selection of Internet bearers for interception and the filtering; search and selection of intercepted communications for examination; and the safeguards governing the selection of ‘related communications data& for examination were inadequate&.

The judges did not find bulk collection itself to be in violation of the convention but noted that such a regime must respect criteria set down in case law.

In an even more pronounced majority vote, the Chamber found by six votes to one that the UK governmentregime for obtaining data from communications service providers violated Article 8 as it was ¬ in accordance with the law&.

While both the bulk interception regime and the regime for obtaining communications data from communications service providers were deemed to have violated Article 10 of the Convention (the right to freedom of expression and information,) as the judges found there were insufficient safeguards in respect of confidential journalistic material.

However the Chamber did not rule against the government in two other components of the case — finding thatthe regime for sharing intelligence with foreign governments did not violate either Article 8 or Article 10.

While the court unanimously rejected complaints made by the third set of applicants, under Article 6 (right to a fair trial), about the domestic procedure for challenging secret surveillance measures, and under Article 14 (prohibition of discrimination).

The complaints in this case were lodged prior to the UK legislating for a new surveillance regime, the 2016 Investigatory Powers Act, so in coming to a judgement the Chamber was considering the oversight regime at the time (and in the case of points 1 and 3 above thatthe Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000).

RIPA has since been superseded by IPA but, as noted above, todayruling will likely fuel ongoing human rights challenges to the latter — which the government has already been ordered to amend by other courts on human rights grounds.

Nor is it the only UK surveillance legislation judged to fall foul on that front. A few years ago UK judges agreed with a similar legal challenge to emergency surveillance legislation that predates IPA — ruling in 2015 that DRIPA was unlawful under human rights law. A verdict the UK Court of Appeal agreed with, earlier this year.

Also in 2015 the intelligence agencies& own oversight court, the IPT, also found multiple violations following challenges to aspects of its historical surveillance operations, after they have been made public by the Snowden revelations.

Suchjudgements did not stop the government pushing on with the IPA, though — and it went on to cement bulk collection at the core of its surveillance modus operandi at the end of 2016.

Among the most controversial elements of the IPAis a requirement that communications service providers collect and retain logs on the web activity of the digital services accessed by all users for 12 months; statepowerto require a company to remove encryption, or limit the rollout of end-to-end encryption on a future service; andstate powers to hack devices, networks and services, includingbulk hackingon foreign soil. It also allows the security agencies to maintainlarge databases of personal information on U.K. citizens,including individualssuspected of no crime.

On the safeguards front the government legislated for what it claimed was a&double lock& authorization process for interception warrants — which loops in the judiciary to signing off intercept warrants for the first time in the U.K., along with senior ministers. However this does not regulate the collection or accessing of web activity data thatblanket-retained on all users.

InApril this shiny new surveillance regime was also dealt a blow in UK courts — with judges ordering the government to amend the legislation to narrow how and why retained metadata could be accessed, giving ministers a deadline of November 1 to make the necessary changes.

In that case the judges also did not rule against bulk collection in general — declining to find that the statecurrent data retention regime is unlawful on the grounds that it constituted &general and indiscriminate& retention of data. (For its part the government has always argued its bulk collection activities do not constituteblanket retention.)

And todayECHR ruling further focuses attention on the safeguards placed around bulk collection programs — having found the UK regime lacked sufficient monitoring to be lawful (but not that bulk collection itself is unlawful by default).

Opponents of the current surveillance regime will be busily parsing the ruling to find fresh fronts to attack.

Itnot the first time the ECHR has looked at bulk interception. Most recently, in June 2018, it deemed Swedish legislation and practice in the field of signals intelligence did not violate EU human rights law. Among its reasoning was that it found the Swedish system to have provided &adequate and sufficient guarantees against arbitrariness and the risk of abuse&.

However it said the Big Brother Watch and Others vs United Kingdom case being ruled upon today is the first case in which it specifically considered the extent of the interference with a personprivate life that could result from the interception and examination of communications data (as opposed to content).

In a Q-A about todayjudgement, the court notes that it &expressly recognised& the severity of threats facing states,and also how advancements in technology have &made it easier for terrorists and criminals to evade detection on the Internet&.

&It therefore held that States should enjoy a broad discretion in choosing how best to protect national security. Consequently, a State may operate a bulk interception regime if it considers that it is necessary in the interests of national security. That being said, the Court could not ignore the fact that surveillance regimes have the potential to be abused, with serious consequences for individual privacy. In order to minimise this risk, the Court has previously identified six minimum safeguards which all interception regimes must have,& it writes.

&The safeguards are that the national law must clearly indicate: the nature of offences which may give rise to an interception order; a definition of the categories of people liable to have their communications intercepted; a limit on the duration of interception; the procedure to be followed for examining, using and storing the data obtained; the precautions to be taken when communicating the data to other parties; and the circumstances in which intercepted data may or must be erased or destroyed.&

(Additional elements the court says it considered in an earlier surveillance case, Roman Zakharov v. Russia, also to determine whether legislation breached Article 8, included &arrangements for supervising the implementation of secret surveillance measures, any notification mechanisms and the remedies provided for by national law&.)

Commenting on todayruling in a statement,Megan Goulding, a lawyer for Liberty, said: &This is a major victory for the rights and freedom of people in the UK. It shows that there is — and should be — a limit to the extent that states can spy on their citizens.

&Police and intelligence agencies need covert surveillance powers to tackle the threats we face today — but the court has ruled that those threats do not justify spying on every citizen without adequate protections.Our government has built a surveillance regime more extreme than that of any other democratic nation, abandoning the very rights and freedoms terrorists want to attack.It can and must give us an effective, targeted system that protects our safety, data security and fundamental rights.&

A Liberty spokeswoman also told us it will continue its challenge to IPA in the UK High Court, adding: &We continue to believe that mass surveillance can never be compliant in a free, rights-respecting democracy.&

Also commenting in a statement,Silkie Carlo, director of Big Brother Watch, said:&This landmark judgment confirming that the UKmass spying breached fundamental rights vindicates Mr Snowdencourageous whistleblowing and the tireless work of Big Brother Watch and others in our pursuit for justice.

&Under the guise of counter-terrorism, the UK has adopted the most authoritarian surveillance regime of any Western state, corroding democracy itself and the rights of the British public. This judgment is a vital step towards protecting millions of law-abiding citizens from unjustified intrusion. However, since the new Investigatory Powers Act arguably poses an ever greater threat to civil liberties, our work is far from over.&

A spokesperson for Privacy International told us itconsidering taking the case to the ECHRGrand Chamber.

Also commenting in a supporting statement, Antonia Byatt, director of English PEN, added: &This judgment confirms that the British governmentsurveillance practices have violated not only our right to privacy, but our right to freedom of expression too. Excessive surveillance discourages whistle-blowing and discourages investigative journalism. The government must now take action to guarantee our freedom to write and to read freely online.&

We&ve reached out to the Home Office for comment from the UK government.

On intelligence sharing between governments, which the court had not previously considered, the judges found thatthe procedure for requesting either the interception or the conveyance of intercept material from foreign intelligence agencies to have been set out with &sufficient clarity in the domestic law and relevant code of practice&, noting:&In particular, material from foreign agencies could only be searched if all the requirements for searching material obtained by the UK security services were fulfilled.&

It also found &no evidence of any significant shortcomings in the application and operation of the regime, or indeed evidence of any abuse& — hence finding theintelligence sharing regime did not violate Article 8.

On the portion of the challenge concerning complaints that UK intelligence agencies& oversight court, the IPT,lacked independence and impartiality, the court disagreed — finding that the tribunal had &extensive power to consider complaints concerning wrongful interference with communications, and those extensive powers had been employed in the applicants& case to ensure the fairness of the proceedings&.

&Most notably, the IPT had access to open and closed material and it had appointed Counsel to the Tribunal to make submissions on behalf of the applicants in the closed proceedings,& it also writes.

In addition, it said it accepted the governmentargument that in order toensure the efficacy of the secret surveillance regime restrictions on the applicants& procedural rights had been &both necessary and proportionate and had not impaired the essence of their Article 6 rights&.

On the complaints under Article 14, in conjunction with Articles 8 and 10 — that those outside the UK were disproportionately likely to have their communications intercepted as the law only provided additional safeguards to people known to be in Britain — the court also disgareed,rejecting this complaint as manifestly ill-founded.

&The applicants had not substantiated their argument that people outside the UK were more likely to have their communications intercepted. In addition, any possible difference in treatment was not due to nationality but to geographic location, and was justified,& it writes.

Update:Snowden has broken several weeks of Twitter silence to tweet a response to the ECHR judgement…

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